Essay on finance case vanguard international growth

Issues 1. Explain why an individual investor might want to invest in an international growth fund? 2. Describe the risk associated with making an investment in an international growth fund. Identify the risks that would be common to domestic an international funds, and those risk that would be unique to an international fund. 3. Discuss how the fact that foreign companies are not subject to the same accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards and practices as U.S. companies poses a risk not typically encountered when investigating in the stock of U.S. companies. 4. Consider the allocation of funds assets by region. Speculate as to why the portions of fund assets are distributed in this manner. 5. Consider the country†¦show more content†¦The International Growth Fund annual report that ended in August 31, 2009 showed that 94% of the Funds portfolio was invested in 177 non U.S. stocks and 6% was in temporary cash investments. All values are presented in the tables. Analysis 1. An individual investor may want to invest in an international growth fund because of trying to expand or growth in the foreign market. Another reason would be to diversify and acquire more knowledge about the foreign economy. 2. Some risks that are common between domestic and international funds are: losing money and management risk. Any investment has some type of risk. Losing money is the first risk that every investment has whether it is domestic or international. Management risk is the bad management decisions that a company makes. Some unique risks that only international funding has are: economic risk, country/regional risk, and currency risk. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in the currency exchange rates. Economic risk is the stability of a country’s economic. Country/regional risk is political, financial troubles, and natural disasters that will affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. 3. Foreign companies are not subject to the same U.S. Accounting Practices the foreign stock and bond markets operate differently from theShow MoreRelatedClosing Case 13953 Words   |  4 PagesClosing Case: Chapter 13 Bonnie Jordan Managerial Finance Instructor: Kristi Rayford March 11, 2013 The Closing Case in Chapter 13 focuses on options for a 401K for an employee of the East Coast Yacht Company. Several decisions must be made regarding investments, which will be highlighted in this discussion. Equity investments can go into the S amp; P 500 or an index related option. The former has lower fees, and the latter higher ones. Other elements to be discussed include theRead More123456787123 Words   |  29 PagesGoldman Sachs while Toronto Domino Bank shows the least economic mass. When it comes to Mutual Funds, Pimco the world‘s largest mutual fund had the lowest economic mass; the exposure to the crisis could be the reason behind this. The American Funds Growth Fund of America has the highest economic mass. This study has been able to show that the Heisenberg‘s Uncertainty Principle has implications for financial institutions. For future research, one could look into applying the model for privately heldRead MoreThe Business Environment Of Nigeria And Norway Essay2728 Words   |  11 Pagescapable of affecting or influencing business activities. According to Anyanwu et al (1996) defines the environment of business as the aggregation of the pattern of all the external and internal conditions and influences that affect the existence, growth and development of the business. Opportunities and threats may be associated with external environment while the strengths and weakness may be associated with internal environment of the business (Audu, 2010a).In this paper, we will compare the businessRead MoreNotes Funds Are Superior For Hedge Funds1875 Words   |  8 Pagesbe Vanguard’s Index funds. Vanguard has a variety of index funds some including Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund, Vanguard Total International Bond Index Fund, Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund, Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund, Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund (Vanguard). Successful investing does not have to be a complicated matter. à ¢â‚¬Å"There is a winning strategy when it comes to playing the stock market game,† John Bogle the founder of Vanguard says, â€Å"and it boils downRead MoreEncompassing Learning through Life Cycles in the Book Lifelong Learning in the Global Knowledge Economy: Challenge for Developing Countries1608 Words   |  6 Pagesin developing countries and countries with transition economies. This book addresses 4 questions: 1, what does a national education and training system, including its formal and nonformal components, need to do to support knowledge-based economic growth? 2, how can developing countries and countries with transition economies promote lifelong learning, and what challenges do they face in doing so? 3, given limited resources, what type of governance framework promotes lifelong learning for people inRead More The Meaning of the Phrase, Beating the Market Essay example5144 Words   |  21 Pagescompanies to research. URL: http://www.thestreet.com/comment/openbook/1409370.html Dear Lou, Last Friday evening, you inducted John C. Bogle, the founder of Vanguard Funds, into the Wall $treet Week with Louis Rukeyser Hall of Fame. You correctly credited Bogle with introducing the first indexed mutual fund at Vanguard in 1975. All too often, Bogle is credited too broadly with introducing the very first index fund. In reality, he was only the first to offer index funds directly to theRead MoreAn Investigation Into Pricing Strategies of Wal-Mart in China6348 Words   |  26 Pagesincluding Everyday low price, Rollback and Special offers, and then finding on the Wal-Mart’s pricing strategies in China. In section 2 it will highlight competition of Wal-Mart and others, such as Carrefour, RT-Mart, Brilliance, China Resources Vanguard and Dashang. Then according to comparison, it will discover Wal-Mart’s currently development situation in China. Section 3 is to recommend how Wal-Mart’s pricing strategies improve in future. The part 3 is conclusion including summary and evaluationRead MoreFinancial Bubble Essay1927 Words   |  8 PagesUniversity Department of Finance ETP Graduate Investments Fall 2010 Case Discussion Questions Instructor: Professor Edward H. Chow å‘ ¨Ã¨ ¡Å'ä ¸â‚¬ Case study: financial bubble Case: Trouble with a bubble (9-808-067) 1. Why did Irving Fisher believe that stock prices had reached a permanently high plateau? 2. Why did the stock market crash in 1929? 3. Why did influential individuals like Fisher, Keynes and Rockefeller believe that the downturn would only be temporary? Case study: investment bankingRead MoreTesla Business evaluation4327 Words   |  18 Pagesmore than 2000 employees globally working for the company in the manufacturing, design and in the 31 stores and service locations spread worldwide. Although not the only producer of entirely electrically powered vehicles, Tesla is renowned as the vanguard of the market. Tesla is the only one to offer high-performance EVs at a highly competitive price. In 2008 Tesla launched the Tesla Roadster, the first solely electric sports car which became a worldwide sensation, exhibiting high-end performanceRead MoreSmall Scale Entreprise in Nigeria: Issues and Prospects4421 Words   |  18 Pageshave played and continue to play significant roles in the growth, development and industrialisation of many economies the world over. In Nigeria, the SSEs have performed below expectation due to a combination of problems. This situation has been of great concern to the government, citizenry, practitioners, operators and the organised private sector groups. Small businesses are generally regarded as the driving force of economic growth, job creation, and poverty reduction in developing countries

The Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women Essay - 1246 Words

The first key question that the authors Alaggia, Regehr Rishchynski, (2009) are to figure out that how come there is not addressed the domestic violence and continue to persist as a social problem affecting a large number of Canadian Women. The authors are trying to answer this question giving some statistics, how the women are abused from their partner, such as the violence reported when the relationship is ended, and is some other case the violence starts after the separation. Furth more the authors mention another key answer that I think could be a question, is what are the effects of domestic violence? Alaggia, Regehr Rishchynski underline the effects of violence against women, and is very important to show what are is not only the injury but health, and mental health. The authors want to say that women are abused and pass to different health, emotional disorder. Alaggia, Regehr Rishchynski, mention that the â€Å"World Health Organization revealed that women who reported intimate partner violence reported significantly poorer health status, emotional distress, and both suicidal ideation and attempts† (Alaggia, Regehr Rishchynski , 2009, p. 335) Moreover, another important question that the authors want to answer and give important information to people that do not know is: Why immigrant women do not use services and report their abuse and violence that are passing through? Alaggia, Regehr Rishchynski, answered immigrant and refugee women have many obstacles whenShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1654 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Violence against women has been recognised internationally by the world Health Organization (WHO, 2013).Women has been facing different types of violence since the age of 15 such as physical, emotional or verbal abuse. The highest prevalence of domestic violence (DV) is from their intimate partner/perpetrator both physical emotional (WHO, 2013). It has been depicted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS, 2013) that rate of domestic violence against women by their intimateRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1652 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is present in all regions of the world regardless of race, culture, or religion. It is not uncommon for men to experience spousal abuse. However, in reality abuse done by men towards women is a much more common occurrence. Men often abuse women as a result of negative domestic relationships experienced during childhood, the feeling of inadequacy and mental illness. However, the leading cause for this behaviour is the feeling of inferiority and the need to exert power. StereotypicallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1601 Words   |  7 Pagesquestions that women who suffer from domestic violence ask themselves everyday. Thousands of women every year face abuse from their male partners. It is estimated that three women a day are murdered in the US everyday by a current or past male partner (Huffington Post), therefore proving that an argument between two people in love can result in more than just heartbreak. Partner abuse against women is an epidemic that needs to be addressed. Domestic violence is a very serious issue that women face in modernRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Women1599 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is a large social issue around the world that is commonly associated with the mistreatment of women. However, there are many different forms of domestic violence that affect men, women, and children (Domestic Violence 1). Victims of domes tic violence may suffer not only physically, but emotionally and mentally as well. Domestic violence is a very important social issue because it negatively affects both the abuser and the victim. In the article, â€Å"Domestic Violence and Abuse: TypesRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1362 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence is a sensitive topic even though media and society are providing more information about this topic. Domestic violence not only affects women but children and family in general. This issue is a very sensitive topic and not a lot of individuals are comfortable talking about it or sharing if they have either experience or have someone in their lives that had been subjected to abuse. Sadly, domestic violence is experienced by many people and it does not matter what race, gender, socialRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women2258 Words   |  10 Pagespossible effects of witnessing domestic violence as a child. Use psychological theory to explain your answer. Research has continuously shown that men are the primary perpetrators of violence and women being the victims which has led to increased awareness of the effects of Domestic violence on women. However, what researchers have failed to acknowledge is that women too can be perpetrators of violence and abuse against their partners and children (World Health Organisation, 2012). Although women canRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women889 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic violence can often go unnoticed, unreported and undeterred before it’s too late. Unfortunately, recent awareness efforts have gathered traction only when public outcry for high profile cases are magnified through the media. Despite this post-measured reality, a general response to domestic violence (DV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) by the majority of the public is in line with what most consider unacceptable and also with what the law considers legally wrong. Consider by many, moreRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Women1183 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom there. Everyone in a homebound affiliation is at risk of obtaining a violent status. Domestic violence has had the grandest impact on women. It can be found all over the world, within various countries. Domestic violence has a harsh, negative, and destructive influence on women; domestic violence can lead to em otional, physical, and psychological damage. Domestic violence is defined as an act of violence within the household. The aforementioned is one of the most underestimated and underreportedRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence Towards Women2023 Words   |  9 Pages Domestic violence towards women is a problem that is often overlooked by society. Violence is defined in Webster s Dictionary as: â€Å" Physical force employed so as to damage or injure. As an instance of violent action.† (Webster) If this is the case, then why is it that so many women are beaten by loved ones each year? And little or nothing is done to correct this violent situation? A battered woman is pictured by most people as a small and flimsy person who might once have been pretty. SheRead MorePhysical and Psychological Effects of Domestic Violence on Women1593 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury to women in the United States† (Jones 87). Every twelve seconds, a woman is beaten by a man (Jones 6). Every nine days, a woman is murdered by her husband or boyfriend (Jones 7). Statistics like these outline the severity and seriousness of the domestic violence epidemic in this country. Unfortunately, it has taken lawmakers too long to recognize domestic violence as a devastating situation that affects millions of people both physically

My Personal Philosophy of Special Education Essay

My personal philosophy of special education drives not from teaching in the field, but from, observations, and personal experience, and the workshops I attended. I have had the opportunity to work with individuals with special needs in many different settings, all this help cultivate my knowledge in handling the needs of the special needed student. Special needs students have the ability to learn, to function, to grow, and most importantly to succeed. The difference comes into how they learn or how they need to be taught. There are as many beliefs about the hows as there are teachers and each of us forms our own philosophy through our experiences and research. As a student in a special education teachers’ program, learners with†¦show more content†¦There should also be hands-on time to include this strength, using magnet boards or sentence strips. Students with learning disabilities do have the ability to overcome the disability; it is just a matter of building on strengths and finding new ways that work for the student to learn. It is not that students with learning disabilities have something wrong with them, they only learn in a different way. In fact, all students learn differently and focusing on each students strengths would benefit them greatly in their education. As teachers, we should apply methods we use in Special Education to all students. For instance, using accommodations such as graphic organizers or flexible means of presentation helps all students excel. The graphic organizers assist with students overall understanding and attention during the lessons. The flexible means of presentation such as lecture, group work, and hands on work allows all students to learn the material as they each have a different primary mode of learning visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile. As an educator, it is my job to find new ways for my students to learn that coincides with their particular learning style and takes advantage of the ir strengths. In all practical terms, this will mean finding new ways for each of my students to learn in their own particular way. As a whole, my students will need more reason to learn with authentic experiences, hands-onShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Philosophy Of Special Education878 Words   |  4 Pages This is a Summary about my personal Philosophy of Special Education. I will be giving my thoughts on the Purpose of schooling, Nature of Learners, Curriculum, Instructional Methods, Classroom management, Assessment practices and Professional relationships with family and community. Purpose of Schooling Special education has been a very important topic through the years since the beginning of the education program in the United States because of its philosophy on inclusion and educating individualsRead More My Philosophy of Teaching Essay1400 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy of Education Education is something that every person should be given the chance to attain. It is vital for all people young, old, mentally impaired, ADHD, or whatever characteristic they may encompass. I believe everyone has the right to learn and be taught in an school environment. The law passed in 1975, P.L. 94-142, made numerous changes in the way certain children with special needs was being treated in the public school system. With the update in 1991, IDEA (IndividualsRead MorePhilosophy of Education985 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Special Education Christina L. Richardson Grand Canyon University: SPE-529N November 18, 2012 My Personal Philosophy of Special Education As educators, we need a foundation for why we want to teach, where students with different disabilities fit in that foundation, a rationale for how we teach, and a principle that keeps us striving to be the best educators we can be. The purpose of this essay is to point out what I believe the foundation, student location, rationaleRead MoreEssay on Educational Goals and Philosophy956 Words   |  4 PagesEducational Goals and Philosophies My life has been greatly influenced by family members who are educators: my mother is a third grade teacher, my father an elementary school principal, my sister a high school English teacher, and my brother who obtains a degree in agricultural education. This has instilled in me the desire to become, like them, a good educator but is defiantly not the only reason for my decision to peruse teaching as an occupation. There are several reasons why I haveRead MoreDr. Combs . . . . . . . Educators Preserve Technique Before738 Words   |  3 PagesHowever, learners retain brilliant approach ahead of comprehending findings. I acquire a personal philosophy through reading chapter three chapter 4 in Foundations of American Education. My personal philosophy is Behaviorism seeing it is similar to the school I worked at as an Teacher’s Assistant. The ideas are similar to what I do currently. The ensuing paper presents my philosophy on special education seeing purpose of sch ooling, nature of learnings, curriculum, instructional methods, classroomRead MoreGeneral And Special Education Teachers Face Today1260 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many issues that general and special education teachers face today. The goal of both of these types of teachers should be that they try their best to make their students succeed. Teaching can be very difficult and people that are passionate about it should do it. However, many general and special education teachers face many challenges throughout their teaching careers that make teaching difficult for them. One issue that teachers lack today is lack of proper coaching from school staffRead MoreGeneral And Special Education Teachers Face Today1260 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many issues that general and special education teachers face today. The goal of both of these types of teachers should be that they try their best to make their students succeed. Teaching can be very difficult and people that are passionate about it should do it. However, many general and special education teachers face many challenges throughout their teaching careers that make teaching difficult for them. One issue that teachers lack today is lack of proper coaching from school staffRead MoreA Personal Philosophy Of Education869 Words   |  4 Pagesthe healthcare field continues to evolve so must the nursing education system. Personal Philosophy of Education A personal philosophy of education is important to all Nurse Educators. It allows for the Nurse Educator to truly take time to reflect and reconnect to themselves and their profession; highlighting what is central and sacred to them as an individual, a nurse, and an educator. I believe that my personal philosophy of education will continue to progress and change just as healthcare andRead More Behaviorism and the Never-Ending Need for Discipline Essays1219 Words   |  5 Pagesdictionary defines education as â€Å"the act or process of training by a prescribed or customary course or study of discipline.† I, however, see it as much more. Education, in my perspective, is the greatest gift a human can receive. I want to be one of the many caring individuals that can give this priceless gift- I want to be a teacher. There are many current trends and philosophies when dealing with education. Behaviorism, the philosophy of education in which I regard, will be incorporated into m y classroomRead MoreNursing Philosophy : Nursing And Nursing Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pages Nursing Philosophy Nursing philosophy is defined as a nurse or students thought of what they believe to be true about the nature of the profession of nursing and to provide a base for nursing practice. (2016, para.1) The nursing field continues to develop into a professional scope of practice and nurses continue to work to develop a high standard for the profession. The values and skills that nurses’ learn as they care for patients continue to develop into rules and regulations for future nurses

W.E.B. Du Bois Essay - 1794 Words

W.E.B. Du Bois Few men have influenced the lives of African-Americans as much as William Edward Burghardt (W.E.B.) Du Bois is considered more of a history-maker than a historian(Aptheker, The Historian). Dr. Du Bois conducted the initial research on the black experience in the United States. Civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. have referred to Du Bois as a father of the Civil Rights Movement. Du Bois conducted the initial research on the black experience in the United States, and paved the way for the Pan-African and Black Power movements. This paper will describe his life, work, influence in the black community, and much publicized civil dispute with another black leader, Booker T. Washington. Du Bois was born†¦show more content†¦The same year the dissertation was published, Du Bois began to teach Latin, Greek, German, and English at Wilberforce University in Ohio. After teaching for several years, Du Bois conducted an exhaustive study of the social an d economic conditions of urban blacks in Philadelphia in 1896 and 1897. The results were published in the Philadelphia Negro (1899). This was the first sociological text on a black community published in the United States. In 1897 Du Bois moved to Atlanta University, where he taught economics and history for more than a decade. His most widely acclaimed work, The Souls of Black Folk (1903) was published during his time in Atlanta. With The Souls of Black Folk, Du Bois had begun to challenge the leadership of Booker T. Washington, a fellow educator who was then the most influential and admired black in the United States. Washington, who had faith in the future of his race in the country, believed that hard work, patience, and self pride would build their character and eventually earn them their civil rights. This is evident in Washingtons The Future of the American Negro. He shows the impatient extremists within the Negroes of the North whose ill-considered, incendiary utteran ces tend to add to the burdens of our people in the South rather than relieve them. (Washington, Discovering Authors) During the Atlanta Exposition, Washington gave aShow MoreRelatedEssay about W.e.b Du Bois1004 Words   |  5 Pages W.E.B Du Bois nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;One ever feels his two-ness. An American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two warring ideals in one dark body whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder.quot; This was how William E. B. Du Bois described how it felt to be a Negro in the beginning of the twentieth century in his book The Souls of Black Folk. W.E.B. Du Bois, was a black editor, historian, sociologist, and a leader of the civil rights movement in the United StatesRead MoreEssay William Edward Burghardt Du Bois or W.E.B. Du Bois3534 Words   |  15 PagesWilliam Edward Burghardt Du Bois or W.E.B. Du Bois William Edward Burghardt Du Bois – known simply as W.E.B. – was 83 when the government indicted him as a foreign agent in 1951. The only crime he had committed, however, was circulating the Stockholm Appeal, which said any government to use an atomic weapon against another country should be treated as a war criminal. After spending six months in disgrace and paying $35,150 for his defense, the government dismissed its case against him. TheRead MoreHarlem Renaissance: W.E.B. Du Bois.1617 Words   |  7 PagesHarlem Renaissance: W.E.B. Du Bois. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was a major sociologist historian, writer, editor, political activist, and cofounder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). During the Harlem renaissance and through his editorship of crisis magazine, he actively sought and presented the literary genius of black writers for the entire world to acknowledge and honor (Gale schools, 2004). Du Bois was born on February 23, 1868 in great BarringtonRead MoreBooker T.Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pageswritten by W.E.B. Du Bois he said, â€Å"The sincere and passionate belief that somewhere between men and cattle God created a tertium quid, and called it a negro† (Du Bois). In the late 19th and 20th centuries a strong push for economic and social progress for African-Americans was being made. The prominent leaders of this movement amongst the Black community were Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois, however they had very differing views on how to achieve this goal (PBS.org). Washington and Du Bois essentiallyRead MoreW.E.B. Du Bois vs. Booker T. Washington1344 Words   |  6 PagesA Clash of Ideologies: W.E.B. Du Bois vs. Booker T. Washington During the turn of the century, between the years 1895 and 1915 there were many theories of how African Americans were going to achieve first-class citizenship. At this time first-class citizenship was determined by at least three aspects: political power, civil rights, and the higher education of Negro youth. Two prominent black leaders arose in order to accomplish this feat. They had two different ideas for one goal. These two blackRead MoreEssay on W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington1240 Words   |  5 PagesW.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington were two very influential leaders in the black community during the late 19th century, early 20th century. However, they both had different views on improvement of social and economic standing for blacks. Booker T. Washington, an ex-slave, put into practice his educational ideas at Tuskegee, which opened in 1881. Washington stressed patience, manual training, and hard work. He believed that blacks should go to school, learn skills, and work their way up theRead MoreEssay on W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington864 Words   |  4 PagesW.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington Two great leaders of the African American community in the late 19th and early 20th century were W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington. They disagreed on strategies for African American social and economic progress in the face of prejudice, poverty, and segregation: Booker T. Washington, a former slave and the founder of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, believed that African Americans needed to accept segregation and discrimination for theRead More Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois Influences on Equality594 Words   |  3 Pagesexcept as a result of hard work.† In the age of reconstruction and western expansion, civil rights bursted out like a bullet from a gun. Two men led the way into the civil rights movement, but in very different customs. Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois both were huge influences to civil rights, one founding what we know today as the NAACP and the other spoke of a philosophy known as the Atlanta Compromise. Booker T. Washington has a compelling story of sorts. He was born into slavery and climbedRead More W.E.B Du Bois vs. Booker T Washington Essay2087 Words   |  9 PagesBooker T. Washington and W.E.B Du Bois. They were both African-American leaders in the late 1800’s to early 1900’s, fighting for social justice, education and civil rights for slaves, and both stressed education. This was a time when blacks were segregated and discriminated against. Both these men had a vision to free blacks from this oppression. While they came from different backgrounds, Washington coming from a plantation in Virginia where he was a slave, and Du Bois coming from a free home inRead MoreThe Strategies of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois: Uncovered1925 Words   |  8 PagesMikayla Ferchaw Pd. 4/5 DBQ for Booker T. Washington vs. W.E.B. Du Bois The Strategies of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois: Uncovered The time period of 1877 to 1915 was a period in history when the people of the Black race were being granted a free status, but equality, on the other hand, was not an option to some higher white officials. During this time period, many leaders started to fight for what they believed in by appealing to the white governing body for social equality. Two

The Author of “Facing It” Free Essays

The way one speaks and acts coming out of war is traumatic not only to the human body but the mind as well. If we the reader didn’t know that the author of â€Å"Facing It† Yusef Komunyakaa, was a war veteran, I would guarantee that after reading his poem you would have concluded that he was. What is striking about his work it that Yusef uses words that you wouldn’t typical put together to make you understand what he, the writer is seeing and facing- hence the poem â€Å"Facing It†. We will write a custom essay sample on The Author of â€Å"Facing It† or any similar topic only for you Order Now By reading the poem in your head or even out loud you could tell that the author’s tone of voice is very heartbroken, he feels this conflicting pain within himself, that could only be expressed through poetry. Yusef explains his feelings and what he’s experiencing out side post-war. His work depicts a certain metaphor in which he talks about the Vietnam veteran memorial wall, as like a mirror in which he’s not in or on. As a result of that, he writes them down as poems and comes up with beautiful analogies, that from a psychological critique, raises questions about what he is trying to convey throughout the war. Psychology is a way for humans to find the deeper meaning behind a person’s word. As I break down Yusef’s poem and try to find the deeper meaning, I will not only be talking about his internal struggle between his experience with war, but also the internal battle that Yusef faces between him and himself, and how he work to overcome it. The very first verse in Yusef poem â€Å"My black face fades, hiding inside the black granite, I said I wouldn’t dammit: no tears I am stone I am flesh†.(lines 1-3) Starts off by not only talking about his race but psychologically his memory as well. According to Floyd, Pilar analyzed version of â€Å"Facing It† Yusef face fades into the granite of the memorial. He looks back upon his memories and sees them as black and white- as humans tend to do in dreams. He sees the white engraved names on the black granite. When relating the two together, he explains how he is hiding- he can not see himself in the black granite, not only because of his pigment but because he feels strongly and more guilty that his name isn’t up on that wall unlike the rest of his fellow soldiers. â€Å"No tears I am stone I am flesh†(line 4) can only refer to the idea that he like the granite is stone. However because he is alive he remains this warm living flesh that is capable of crying even though he refers to himself as stone. Yusef uses metaphors and analogies as a way from hiding his true self. We wants to remain strong- stone, but alas he is struggling between to states he’d like to be in: life or death. Not only is this a battle for Yuself, we begin to see a battle that struggles between Yusef and himself when coming to terms with reality. â€Å"My clouded reflections eyes me†( line 5 ). Clouded meaning the tears that are progressing, or this idea that Yuself himself is clouded. When someone stands far away from a reflection, there image becomes clouded, as if it were disappearing, and in this case Yusef wanted to, but the granite was standing in his way, along with himself. As the reader I took this to mean he was accepting himself and the war, therefor backing away from it. When the statement eyes it â€Å"eyes me† meaning its looking back, can mean that his reflection is looking back at him or he is looking within himself. He realized and expected that its the granite thats not moving, its him who has to walk away but can not. Yuself is a victim of war † like a bird of prey†( line 7 )he is victimizing himself and the names on the granite are what’s analyzing him. Emotional, everything becomes a reminder to a victim of war. According to Floyd, Pilar he’s accepting that wherever he goes there will always be a reminder, it’s not escaping him. Yusef is getting a sense of his surroundings. â€Å"I turn this way- the stone lets me go†( line 8 ) he turns the other way and there is the memorial again. As he tries to walk away, he is realizing there is no walking away, because he’s always capable of turning in another direction and ending up back where he left off. From a psychological standpoint, I would say not only does he not want to be apart from the memorial but he is also accepting to the idea that is ok to turn around and not stare into it for a while. Just as he is about to walk away he comes rights back and realizes how many names are upon the memorial. â€Å"I go down 58,022 names half-expecting to find my own in letters like smoke†( line 15 ). There is a sense of guilt in this sentence, you can almost feel that he wants his name there but also he doesn’t. I say this because Yusef uses the term smoke. Smoke meaning a hundred different reason, but in this case smoke can mean something clear. According to Floyd, Pilar she states that in this cause the word smoke means easily attainable and easy enough to disappear. Here you can see that Yusef is struggling with himself, he feels this sense of responsibility and guilt. As a living individuale, Yusef like smoke can vanish and reappear when he pleases, unlike those names on the wall that will that will never. With this it gives Yusef this reassurance that he is truly alive because his name cannot be found on that list. However he still is a victim and struggles everyday with this thought of violence and lose. To people like us it’s a wall with names, to Yusef it’s an important memory. Once again Yusef finds himself in a mental state, similar to the one in the beginning of the poem. Where he is considering the possibilities of life and death, the internal struggle between him and himself. Yusef sees a veteran come out of the wall and rush through him, as talked about in class this image that Yusef see’s is similar to what could be a ghost. As stated in an analyzed version of â€Å"Facing It† Floyd, Pillars take on this statement she says that Yusef like the veteran with one arm has also lost something from the war, that being his piece of mind. I took this to mean that Yusef walks though life day by day struggling still because the difference between what we think is a ghost and Yusef himself, is that Yusef still lives. † In the black mirror a woman trying to erase names, no she is brushing a boys hair†( line 29) This was a very difficult analogy to break down, however as the reader, I read it to mean that Yusef is having a difficult time distinguishing the difference between memories from the war and memories of life. He wants to believe that everything is going to be ok and that nobody is hurt, but that’s not the case. He wants to be like everyone else, but he can’t. Why can’t other be more like him? From here on end Yusef’s every move, every statement, and every action will be an impact from his decisions and his actions from the war. He lives life trying to find the difference between fantasy and reality, the difference between life and death, and what he expresses in his last stanza is that nobody will understand and not many people care, unless they themselves are like Yusef. As a result Yusef faces with many psychological struggles, but like many they take time to comprehend and understand. Throughout the poem you see how Yusef fluctuates his emotions about what he sees and feels while looking at the memorial. Yusef faces many things, because the war in himself and in his head isn’t over. He attempts to overcome the nightmares and grief he faces, but concludes that’ll unlike many people, he has a privilege of understand the importance of this piece of granite, that many don’t seem to appreciate. Each stanza of Yusef’s poem is a way of expressing his internal battle. Each idea shows that Yusef is trying to overcome something in himself but looking at everything though different perspectives. At one point he’s a bird looking at himself, next his image fades into the black granite. Yusef stands on this fine line between life and death and attempts to break down the difference between the two given his struggle. In learning that it’s he who holds him back, Yusef learns to live with the way he looks and faces life. Getting back to the real world is just as difficult as being in war. Yusef seems to understand the meaning of everything but just doesn’t understand why it has to be like that which is why he is internally struggling with himself. How to cite The Author of â€Å"Facing It†, Papers

Islamic Economics A Short History

Question: Describe about the Islamic Economics? Answer: The economic challenge and crisis in our times are as distressing and deep as ever thus they cannot be ignored. In his pioneering work Dr Muhammad Umer Chapras examines the academic rigor and sophistication that the Islamic countries need to form the strategies that can be within the framework of welfare state, socialism and capitalism.(Khan, 2000) The objective of Shariah law is to promote peoples welfare. Many centrally planned economies that were claimed to secure the goals have failed thus the Islamic countries are facing a serious crisis. (Wilson, 2006) The twin objectives of distributional equity and social justice can be embedded in a market dominated economy and this can be done by the help of the conventional finance theory. As Franco Modigliani and Merton H Miller have explained in the American Economic Review that a physical asset is only worth acquiring when it increases the profit for its owners. But this profit can only increase if yield is exceeding the interest. The twin objectives can be achieved for an Islamic economy when the notion of risk discount that can be subtracted from the yield. This book by Professor Mirakhor et al was written, the credit crisis has led to a major re-evaluation of the major pillars of the modern theory of finance the efficient market hypothesis and the random walk behavior of asset prices. However, all pointers are still indicating that the problem rests with the management of risk and the way it is transferred or shared. There does not appear to be any fool proof way of transferring risk. Indeed, a lot of private risk seems to have been transferred to the taxpayer. This has led to the adage that modern finance has become a scheme tomonopolise profits and socialize losses. The Islamic finance is based on legal reductionism, theological and financial reductionism but the bigger picture of the Islamic finance is being prevented. We need a better understanding of the Islamic finance as it should be based on social justice without stopping individual enterprise. Chapra conducted a research on it as the Islamic finance should be based on need f ulfillment, equity, stability and growth. The twin objectives can be embedded in the market dominated economy by strongly motivating that the individual renders his own interest along with the interest of the entire society. The political, economic and social institutions along with public finances should be reformed to minimize the unnecessary and wasteful consumption of consumption. According to modern finance Islamic finance have to eliminate Riba to have a more stable banking. As equity based system that does not guarantees value of shocks and deposits to asset positions will keep the value of deposits the same. As Islam believes in time value of money should enable the interest rates to be allowed. The balance between the society, shareholder, environmental interests and employee has to be achieved to obtain conventional accounting. Social values and ethics are inseparable when it comes to finance and economics. In the last forty years the movement related to the Islamic finance and economics is gaining momentum. (Kenneth, 2002)There are many issues in the nature of the Islamic finance some of them are as follows:- Methodology of Islamic economy Risk management, transparency and implications of the Islamic financial institutions Numerous problems with corporate governance Performance evaluation Conventional finance is thus in a similardilemma to the Islamic economists. Whilst they realize the utility of the markets, they areforced to see the limitations of markets, both due to market failures in key areas and theinfectious impact of greed. The present financial sector is all about non bank financial institutions, banks and financial markets.(Clode, 2002) But all of these types are opaque whether it is risks, asset holdings and returns. In a traditional setup the banks investment portfolio and performance related to the investment is not made public on a daily basis.(El Hawary, 2004) Information related to the assets is made available and that to on an aggregate level at a low frequency. This causes the issue of asymmetric information. It is a public policy objective to protect the depositor/investor interests. Greater responsibility and role on the part of the regulators in the banking sector is required because the regulators have access to information. The lack of transpa rency in these institutions has many pros as well as many cons. The appointed management or the bank shareholders have control on the investment decisions but until and unless the risk profile and interests are aligned with the depositors the issue will exist. These issues give rise to moral hazard and adverse selection. These risks that are being experienced by the Islamic banks are also faced by the investment deposit holders. This causes an overall risk that has implications on the banks. These profit smoothening practices in turn weakens the market discipline as there is a reduction in the informational role of the rate of return. This rate of return plays a vital role in the bank performance and its evaluation. The Islamic banks and conventional banks are different as the natures of risks they take are also quite different. In a conventional bank a role of renting out money is played purely thus the risk that they take is the credit risk that emerges from the worth of the finan ced property. Other risks like legal risk, contract performance risk and interest rate risk also exist. But the Islamic bank is not a pure financial intermediary as it participates in the business to earn a margin or has some type of profit-loss sharing arrangement. This has many direct risks such as liquidity risk, market risk, operational risks and credit risks. This sharing of the risk and loss between the bank and the account holder can be very beneficial and healthy for the economy. Even stability of the financial sector can be achieved through this. This type of arrangement can absorb the economic shocks in a better way. But there are numerous risks which cannot be covered by the risk management strategies of the normal conventional banks. The emphasis on mitigation has to be devised to mutual sharing of unavoidable risks and also to avoid risks. This can ve achieved by devising ways to measure these risks. These risks have to integrated and analysed to manage them on a system atic level. A paper written by Sundarajan is about Risk measurement and Disclosure in Islamic Finance and implications of Profit Sharing investment accounts which addresses issues related to risk measurement.(Sundarajan, 2002) These issues can be addressed through supervision, proper management and regulation. (Sundarajan V. , 2004)A greater disclosure is needed in treatment and report of the changing profit equalization reserves. These reserves influence the risk that the bank has to take. The profit sharing between the investment account holder and shareholders have been limited and usually the losses are absorbed by the shareholders. (Greuning, 2000)This situation is called displaced commercial risk as it is the increased risk that is absorbed by the banks shareholders. (Archer, 2002)They require regulatory incentives by linking the capital relief in case of loss or profit to the actual risk that is being borne by the account holders. (DeLorenzo, 2002) In case of transparency the Islamic banks need an effective disclosure and constraints such as the human resource have to be solved. Muljawan in his paper A design of Islamic banking rating system: An integrative approach suggest that the operational soundness in the Islamic banks can be achieved by attuning the nature of the Islamic banks.(Muljawan, 2006) Some of the aspects where the adjustments will be needed are:- Considering profit distribution Some risks that are not part of the conventional banking have to be recognized and adjusted Along with Shariah compliance, Islamic values and norms should be incorporated The need to develop best practices and mechanisms to protect the interest of the stakeholder is a must. This will go a long way in realizing the economic benefits for the Islamic financial system. (Visser, 2008)Every institution draws its legitimacy and strength from the religious and social acceptance from the society. Thus the Islamic banks should abide by the norms and rules to gain public confidence. Profit sharing and risk sharing have to be promoted to achieve some socially desirable results. References Ahmed, H. (2004). Role of Zakat and Awkaf in Poverty Alleviation. IDB (IRTI) , 201-230. Ahsan, P. S. (2000). Theories of Ownership and Islam: A Case Study of The Islamic Republic of Iran. 9 Rev. of Islamic Economics , 127-143. Archer, S. a. (2002). Islamic Finance: Innovation and Growth . London : Euro Money Books. Clode, M. (2002). Regulatory Issues of Islamic Finance. London: Euro Money Books. DeLorenzo, Y. (2002). "The religious foundation of Islamic finance". London: Euro Money Books. El Hawary, D. W. (2004). Regulating Islamic Finanical institutions- The nature if the regulated. Policy research working paper 3227 , 56-79. Greuning, G. a. (2000). Analyzing Banking risk:A framework for asessing Corporate governance and financial risk management. Washington:DC: The world Bank. Kenneth, B. (2002). Risk Mangement in Islamic Banks. London : Euro Money Books. Khan, C. M. (2000). Regulation and supervison of Islamic Banks. Occasional paper 3 , 112-115. Muljawan, D. (2006). "A design of Islamic banking ratinmg system". Journal of Banking and Finance , 255-77. Sundarajan, V. a. (2002). Islamic Financial institutions and products in the global Financial system:key issues in risk management and challenges ahead". IMF working paper WP/02/192 , 150-166. Sundarajan, V. (2004). Devevlopment of competitive and innovative Islamic financial products and markets:Key issues policy implications ". International seminar on challenges facing the islamic financial services industry , 89-96. Visser, M. P. (2008). . The A to Z of Corporate Social Responsibility:A Complete Reference Guide to Concepts, Codes and Organisations. US: Wiley. Wilson, A. E. (2006). Islamic Economics: A Short History. US: BRILL. Wilson, R. (2011). The Islamic Economic Doctrine: A Comparative Study". 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